ANOPHELES MICROBIOTA IN MALARIA VECTOR AND THE EFFECT ON PARASITE TRANSMISSION

Malaria is a vector-transmitted disease with high number of cases. Plasmodium parasites are transmitted from the body Anopheles mosquito to host through several organs, including salivary glands and midgut. The midgut, apart being breeding ground for parasites, known studies that various types microbiota inhabit these two organs. group bacteria most widely be associated mosquitoes. found were dominated by Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas common, followed Aeromonas, Asaia, Comamonas, Elizabethkingia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Pantoea, Serratia. Gram-positive was represented genera Bacillus, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus. Each species has different composition bacteria. Anopheles-associated currently receive much attention because their role in fighting infection. ability malaria vector-associated inhibit fight infection divided into three mechanisms. Bacteria can triger an immune response Immune-deficiency (IMD) pathway, which causes active anti-Plasmodium production antimicrobial peptides, increasing ROS synthesis microbiota, trigger hemocyte differentiation protect against Plasmodium. This function related inhibiting development needs further research so later it become option vector-based control without damaging sustainability environment.